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The tensions between the STEM fields and the Humanities are artificial and might be the result of nothing but political and financial competition. In essence, all scholars explore their topics in a critical fashion, relying on the principles of verification and falsification. Most important proves to be the notion of the laboratory, the storehouse of experiences, ideas, imagination, experiments. For that reason, here the metaphor of the Amazon rainforest is used to illustrate where the common denominators for scientists and scholars rest. Without that vast field of experiences from the past the future cannot be built. The focus here is based on the human condition and its reliance on ethical ideals as already developed by Aristotle. In fact, neither science nor humanities-based research are possible without ethics. Moreover, as illustrated by the case of one of the stories by Heinrich Kaufringer (ca. 1400), human conditions have always been precarious, contingent, puzzling, and fragile, especially if ethics do not inform the individual&rsquo ; s actions. Pre-modern literature is here identified as an &lsquo ; Amazon rainforest&rsquo ; that only waits to be explored for future needs.

As recent scholarship has demonstrated, the world of the Mediterranean exerted a tremendous influence not only on the societies and cultures bordering the Mediterranean Sea during the late Middle Ages, but had a huge influence on the mentality and culture of the world north of the Alps as well because it was here where East and West met, exchanged ideas and products, and struggled to find, despite many military conflicts, some kind of transcultural. The highly complex conditions in the Mediterranean realm represented significant challenges and promises at the same time, and no traveler from Germany or England, for instance, whether a merchant or a pilgrim, a diplomat or an artist, could resist responding to the allure of the Mediterranean cultures. The corpus of travelogues and pilgrimage accounts is legion, as scholars have noted already for quite some time. But we can also observe literary reflections on the Mediterranean especially during the fifteenth century. The emergence of the late medieval and early modern prose novel is often predicated on transcultural experiences, whether they entailed military conflicts or peaceful encounters between Christians and Muslims. These literary texts did not necessarily respond to the historical events, such as the fall of Constantinople in 1453, but they document an intriguing opening up of German, English, French, and Flemish, etc., society to the Mediterranean world. The prose novels discussed in this paper demonstrate that Germany, in particular, was a significant hinterland of the Mediterranean ; somewhat farther apart, but still closely connected. The literary evidence will allow us to identify how those transcultural encounters were recognized and then dealt with.

This essay reflects on the many different strategies involved in translation, which is both a linguistic and a cultural-historical strategy. Examples from the Middle Ages and the Modern Age are adduced to illustrate the huge impact which translations have had on peoples and societies throughout time.

Globalism in the Pre-Modern World? Questions, Challenges, and the Emergence of a New Approach to the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age -- Global Inferno: Medieval Giants, Monsters, and the Breaching of the Great Barrier -- Swords as Medieval Icons and Early "Global Brands" -- Ecce! A Ninth-Century Isidorean T-O Map Labeled in Arabic -- Going Rogue Across the Globe: International Vagrants, Outlaws, Bandits, and Tricksters from Medieval Europe, Asia, and the Middle East -- Modifying Ancestral Memories in Post-Carolingian West Francia and Post-Tang Wuyue China -- Scalping Saint Peter's Head: An Interreligious Controversy over a Punishment from Baghdad to Rome (Eighth to Twelfth Centuries) -- A Global Dialogue in al-Kindī's "A Short Treatise on the Soul" -- Globalism in Paul of Antioch's Letter to a Muslim Friend and Its Refutation by Ibn Taymiyya -- The Global Fable in the Middle Ages -- Globalism in the Late Middle Ages: The Low German Niederrheinische Orientbericht as a Significant Outpost of a Paradigm Shift. The Move Away from Traditional Eurocentrism -- The Germanic Translations of Lanfranc's Surgical Works as Example of Global Circulation of Knowledge -- Brick by Brick: Constructing Identity at Don Lope Fernández de Luna's Parroquieta at La Seo -- Quello assalto di Otranto fu cagione di assai male. First Results of a Study of the Globalization in the Neapolitan Army in the 1480s -- The Diplomat and the Public House: Ioannes Dantiscus (1485-1548) and His Use of the Inns, Taverns, and Alehouses of Europe -- Globalism During the Reign of Queen Elizabeth I -- Between East and West: John Pory's Translation of Leo Africanus's Description of Africa -- The Old and the New - Pepper, Bezoar, and Other Exotic Substances in Bohemian Narratives about Distant Lands from the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (up to the 1560s).

"In this volume, scholars of pre-modern Europe and the Arab world examine the issues of incarceration and slavery. The emphasis rests on religious, literary, philosophical, and historical narratives, buttressed by art-historical evidence, all of which demonstrates the true importance of these painful problems"--

More than ever before do we need the critical engagement with religious tolerance. Historical perspectives allow us to gain access to the discourse on this universal, often very contested topic. Already the Middle Ages and the early modern age witnessed the emergence of significant voices addressing toleration, if not even tolerance. This anthology opens many new perspectives toward this centrally important topic, adding a cultural-historical, religious, literary, and philosophical dimension mostly unknown today.

Death has never been a simple matter, neither for the victim/s nor for the survivors. All societies have deeply struggled with the issue of death and have found material and spiritual answers in response to death. The medieval and early modern world had to cope with the same questions, but found its own characteristic answers, as the contributions to this volume illustrate in a myriad of approaches.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Introduction: The Self, the Other, and Everything in Between: Xenological Phenomenology of the Middle Ages -- Chapter 1 The Saracen and the Martyr: Embracing the Foreign in Hrotsvit's Pelagius -- Chapter 2 Foreigner, Foe, and Neighbor: The Religious Cult as a Forum For Political Reconciliation -- Chapter 3 Hungarians as Vremde in Medieval Germany -- Chapter 4 The Face of the Foreigner in Medieval German Courtly Literature

A follow-up publication to the Handbook of Medieval Studies, this new reference work turns to a different focus: medieval culture. Medieval research has grown tremendously in depth and breadth over the last decades. Particularly our understanding of medieval culture, of the basic living conditions, and the specific value system prevalent at that time has considerably expanded, to a point where we are in danger of no longer seeing the proverbial forest for the trees. The present, innovative handbook offers compact articles on essential topics, ideals, specific knowledge, and concepts defi

A follow-up publication to the Handbook of Medieval Studies, this new reference work turns to a different focus: medieval culture. Medieval research has grown tremendously in depth and breadth over the last decades. Particularly our understanding of medieval culture, of the basic living conditions, and the specific value system prevalent at that time has considerably expanded, to a point where we are in danger of no longer seeing the proverbial forest for the trees. The present, innovative handbook offers compact articles on essential topics, ideals, specific knowledge, and concepts defi

A follow-up publication to the Handbook of Medieval Studies, this new reference work turns to a different focus: medieval culture. Medieval research has grown tremendously in depth and breadth over the last decades. Particularly our understanding of medieval culture, of the basic living conditions, and the specific value system prevalent at that time has considerably expanded, to a point where we are in danger of no longer seeing the proverbial forest for the trees. The present, innovative handbook offers compact articles on essential topics, ideals, specific knowledge, and concepts defi

Main description: Understanding mental health from a religious, literary, and philosophical point?of?view represents a critical component in current research on alternative approaches to well?being, spiritually and physically. This volume contains a selection of papers drawn from a conference at The University of Arizona in May 2013 addressing all these issues from a variety of perspectives, inviting us to consider them especially through a historical lens.

This volume explores the often problematic, but also productive relationships between East and West during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age, focusing on literary and pragmatic texts, scientific exchanges, strategies to build bridges to the other culture, and on parallel cultural developments documenting contacts and communication between both worlds. Despite many conflicts, there were many more exchanges than previously assumed